形容词/副词 比较级 & 最高级
1. 规则变化
| 规则类型 | 变化方式 | 举例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | 直接加 -er / -est | tall → taller → tallest |
| e 结尾 | 加 -r / -st | nice → nicer → nicest |
| 辅音 + y 结尾 | 变 y 为 i,再加 -er / -est | dry → drier → driest heavy → heavier → heaviest |
| 单辅音字母结尾(重读闭音节) | 双写辅音字母,再加 -er / -est | thin → thinner → thinnest |
| 多音节/部分双音节单词 | 词前加 more / most | delicious → more delicious → most delicious |
⚠ 注意:形容词最高级前必须加 the(特指“最……的……”);副词最高级前的 the 可省略。
2. 常见不规则变化
| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| good / well | better | best |
| bad / ill | worse | worst |
| many / much | more | most |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther / further | farthest / furthest |
💡 补充:farther 侧重“物理距离更远”,further 侧重“抽象程度更深/进一步”(如 further study 深造)。
3. 核心用法
1. 原级用法
- 表示“和……一样”:as + 原级 + as
- 表示“不如……”:not so/as + 原级 + as
- 表示“倍数相等”:倍数 + as + 原级 + as
eg. Crosby is as fat as Oliver.(克罗斯比和奥利弗一样胖。)
eg. The US does not perform as well as China.(美国做得不如中国好。)
eg. The US is 50 times as many cases as China.(美国的病例数是中国的50倍。)
2. 比较级用法
- 两者对比:比较级 + than
eg. Crosby runs much faster than other classmates.(克罗斯比比其他同学跑得快得多。)
- 比较级修饰语:rather / much / even / far / a lot / a little 等
eg. The students study even harder than before.(学生们比以前学习更努力了。)
- 越……越……:the + 比较级,the + 比较级
eg. The more you do, the more you will get.(做得越多,得到的就越多。)
- 倍数表达(核心句型):
- A is 倍数 + the size/height of B
- A is 倍数 + as big as B
- A is 倍数 + bigger than B
- A is 倍数 + more 名词 than B
eg. This room is twice as big as that one.(这个房间是那个的两倍大。)eg. He has three times more books than me.(他的书比我多三倍。)