17English

包含音标、对应字母/组合、例词及音标标注（元音+辅音+辅音连缀）

元音音标 (Vowels)

单元音 (Monophthongs)

1. 前元音(front vowel)

音标	对应字母/组合	例词	音标标注
[iː]	ee	see, tree, meet, sleep, cheese	/siː/, /triː/, /miːt/, /sliːp/, /tʃiːz/
	ea	tea, read, eat, seat, dream	/tiː/, /riːd/, /iːt/, /siːt/, /driːm/
	e	we, he, she, me, be	/wiː/, /hiː/, /ʃiː/, /miː/, /biː/
	ie	piece, field, believe, achieve, relief	/piːs/, /fiːld/, /bɪˈliːv/, /əˈtʃiːv/, /rɪˈliːf/
	ei	receive, ceiling, perceive, deceive, receipt	/rɪˈsiːv/, /ˈsiːlɪŋ/, /pəˈsiːv/, /dɪˈsiːv/, /rɪˈsiːt/
	ey	key, monkey, money, honey, valley	/kiː/, /ˈmʌŋkiː/, /ˈmʌniː/, /ˈhʌniː/, /ˈvæliː/
	i	ski, taxi, spaghetti, bikini, macaroni	/skiː/, /ˈtæksiː/, /spəˈɡetiː/, /bɪˈkiːniː/, /mækəˈrəʊniː/
[ɪ]	i	sit, big, fish, milk, picture	/sɪt/, /bɪɡ/, /fɪʃ/, /mɪlk/, /ˈpɪktʃə/
	y	happy, sunny, busy, city, baby	/ˈhæpiː/, /ˈsʌniː/, /ˈbɪziː/, /ˈsɪtiː/, /ˈbeɪbiː/
	e	pretty, English, become, before, behind	/ˈprɪtiː/, /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/, /bɪˈkʌm/, /bɪˈfɔː/, /bɪˈhaɪnd/
	ui	build, guitar, biscuit, circuit, suicide	/bɪld/, /ɡɪˈtɑː/, /ˈbɪskɪt/, /ˈsɜːkɪt/, /ˈsuːɪsaɪd/
	u	busy, business, lettuce, minute, damage	/ˈbɪziː/, /ˈbɪznəs/, /ˈletɪs/, /ˈmɪnɪt/, /ˈdæmɪdʒ/
[e]	e	bed, red, pen, let, ten	/bed/, /red/, /pen/, /let/, /ten/
	ea	head, bread, ready, weather, instead	/hed/, /bred/, /ˈrediː/, /ˈweðə/, /ɪnˈsted/
	a	many, any, Thames, ate（古式）	/ˈmeniː/, /ˈeniː/, /temz/
	ai	said, again, against, plaid	/sed/, /əˈɡen/, /əˈɡenst/, /plæd/
	ie	friend, friendly, friendship	/frend/, /ˈfrendliː/, /ˈfrendʃɪp/
	ei	heifer, leisure, foreign, forfeit	/ˈhefə/, /ˈleʒə/, /ˈfɒrɪn/, /ˈfɔːfɪt/
	ue	guess, guest, guerrilla	/ɡes/, /ɡest/, /ɡəˈrɪlə/
[æ]	a	cat, bad, bag, map, hat	/kæt/, /bæd/, /bæɡ/, /mæp/, /hæt/
	ai	plaid	/plæd/

2. 中元音(mid vowel)

音标	对应字母/组合	例词	音标标注
[ɜː]	ir	bird, girl, first, shirt, thirty	/bɜːd/, /ɡɜːl/, /fɜːst/, /ʃɜːt/, /ˈθɜːtiː/
	ur	turn, nurse, hurt, purple, Thursday	/tɜːn/, /nɜːs/, /hɜːt/, /ˈpɜːpl/, /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/
	ear	learn, early, earth, earn, heard	/lɜːn/, /ˈɜːliː/, /ɜːθ/, /ɜːn/, /hɜːd/
	or	word, work, world, worm, worst	/wɜːd/, /wɜːk/, /wɜːld/, /wɜːm/, /wɜːst/
	er	her, term, serve, person, certain	/hɜː/, /tɜːm/, /sɜːv/, /ˈpɜːsn/, /ˈsɜːtn/
	our	journey, courtesy, journal, journalist	/ˈdʒɜːniː/, /ˈkɜːtəsiː/, /ˈdʒɜːnl/, /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/
[ə]	er	teacher, worker, farmer, driver, computer	/ˈtiːtʃə/, /ˈwɜːkə/, /ˈfɑːmə/, /ˈdraɪvə/, /kəmˈpjuːtə/
	or	doctor, visitor, actor, professor, director	/ˈdɒktə/, /ˈvɪzɪtə/, /ˈæktə/, /prəˈfesə/, /dɪˈrektə/
	ar	dollar, familiar, particular, regular, grammar	/ˈdɒlə/, /fəˈmɪliə/, /pəˈtɪkjʊlə/, /ˈreɡjʊlə/, /ˈɡræmə/
	our	colour, favour, labour, neighbour, harbour	/ˈkʌlə/, /ˈfeɪvə/, /ˈleɪbə/, /ˈneɪbə/, /ˈhɑːbə/
	ou	famous, nervous, dangerous, enormous, marvellous	/ˈfeɪməs/, /ˈnɜːvəs/, /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/, /ɪˈnɔːməs/, /ˈmɑːvələs/
	a	about, woman, China, sofa, banana	/əˈbaʊt/, /ˈwʊmən/, /ˈtʃaɪnə/, /ˈsəʊfə/, /bəˈnɑːnə/
	o	today, together, collect, polite, second	/təˈdeɪ/, /təˈɡeðə/, /kəˈlekt/, /pəˈlaɪt/, /ˈsekənd/
	e	student, open, happen, children, moment	/ˈstjuːdənt/, /ˈəʊpən/, /ˈhæpən/, /ˈtʃɪldrən/, /ˈməʊmənt/
	u	autumn, difficult, support, suggest, supply	/ˈɔːtəm/, /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/, /səˈpɔːt/, /səˈdʒest/, /səˈplaɪ/
	i	pencil, cousin, possible, terrible, visible	/ˈpensl/, /ˈkʌzn/, /ˈpɒsəbl/, /ˈterəbl/, /ˈvɪzəbl/
	y	analysis, system, typical, oxygen, syllable	/əˈnæləsɪs/, /ˈsɪstəm/, /ˈtɪpɪkl/, /ˈɒksɪdʒən/, /ˈsɪləbl/

3. 后元音(back vowel)

音标	对应字母/组合	例词	音标标注
[ɑː]	ar	car, far, star, garden, market	/kɑː/, /fɑː/, /stɑː/, /ˈɡɑːdn/, /ˈmɑːkɪt/
	a	father, class, glass, pass, last	/ˈfɑːðə/, /klɑːs/, /ɡlɑːs/, /pɑːs/, /lɑːst/
	al	calm, half, palm, calf, behalf	/kɑːm/, /hɑːf/, /pɑːm/, /kɑːf/, /bɪˈhɑːf/
	ear	heart, hearth	/hɑːt/, /hɑːθ/
[ʌ]	u	sun, run, jump, cut, number	/sʌn/, /rʌn/, /dʒʌmp/, /kʌt/, /ˈnʌmbə/
	o	son, come, some, love, money	/sʌn/, /kʌm/, /sʌm/, /lʌv/, /ˈmʌniː/
	ou	country, young, touch, enough, trouble	/ˈkʌntriː/, /jʌŋ/, /tʌtʃ/, /ɪˈnʌf/, /ˈtrʌbl/
	oo	blood, flood	/blʌd/, /flʌd/
	oe	does	/dʌz/
[ɔː]	al	talk, walk, call, ball, also	/tɔːk/, /wɔːk/, /kɔːl/, /bɔːl/, /ˈɔːlsəʊ/
	or	for, more, door, floor, before	/fɔː/, /mɔː/, /dɔː/, /flɔː/, /bɪˈfɔː/
	au	autumn, August, author, audience, because	/ˈɔːtəm/, /ˈɔːɡəst/, /ˈɔːθə/, /ˈɔːdiəns/, /bɪˈkɔːz/
	aw	law, draw, saw, awful, dawn	/lɔː/, /drɔː/, /sɔː/, /ˈɔːfl/, /dɔːn/
	our	four, your, course, court, resource	/fɔː/, /jɔː/, /kɔːs/, /kɔːt/, /rɪˈsɔːs/
	ar	war, warm, towards, quarter, warn	/wɔː/, /wɔːm/, /təˈwɔːdz/, /ˈkwɔːtə/, /wɔːn/
	ough	thought, bought, brought, fought, ought	/θɔːt/, /bɔːt/, /brɔːt/, /fɔːt/, /ɔːt/
[ɒ] / [ɔ]	o	hot, dog, box, stop, watch	/hɒt/, /dɒɡ/, /bɒks/, /stɒp/, /wɒtʃ/
	a	want, wash, what, wander, quality	/wɒnt/, /wɒʃ/, /wɒt/, /ˈwɒndə/, /ˈkwɒlətiː/
[uː]	oo	food, school, moon, room, too	/fuːd/, /skuːl/, /muːn/, /ruːm/, /tuː/
	o	do, who, move, prove, lose	/duː/, /huː/, /muːv/, /pruːv/, /luːz/
	u	rule, June, blue, true, flu	/ruːl/, /dʒuːn/, /bluː/, /truː/, /fluː/
	ou	group, soup, route, youth, coupon	/ɡruːp/, /suːp/, /ruːt/, /juːθ/, /ˈkuːpɒn/
	ew	new, few, knew, view, interview	/njuː/, /fjuː/, /njuː/, /vjuː/, /ˈɪntəvjuː/
	ue	blue, true, clue, due, value	/bluː/, /truː/, /kluː/, /djuː/, /ˈvæljuː/
	ui	fruit, juice, suit, cruise, recruit	/fruːt/, /dʒuːs/, /suːt/, /kruːz/, /rɪˈkruːt/
	oe	shoe, canoe, hoopoe	/ʃuː/, /kəˈnuː/, /ˈhʊpuː/
	ough	through, thorough	/θruː/, /ˈθʌrə/
[ʊ]	oo	book, look, good, foot, wood	/bʊk/, /lʊk/, /ɡʊd/, /fʊt/, /wʊd/
	ou	could, should, would, courier, wound（受伤）	/kʊd/, /ʃʊd/, /wʊd/, /ˈkʊəriə/, /wuːnd/
	u	put, push, full, sugar, bullet	/pʊt/, /pʊʃ/, /fʊl/, /ˈʃʊɡə/, /ˈbʊlɪt/
	o	woman, wolf, bosom, wolf	/ˈwʊmən/, /wʊlf/, /ˈbʊzəm/
	oul	could, should, would	/kʊd/, /ʃʊd/, /wʊd/

双元音 (Diphthongs)

音标	对应字母/组合	例词	音标标注
[eɪ]	a	name, make, take, late, game	/neɪm/, /meɪk/, /teɪk/, /leɪt/, /ɡeɪm/
	ai	rain, train, wait, pain, main	/reɪn/, /treɪn/, /weɪt/, /peɪn/, /meɪn/
	ay	day, play, stay, way, say	/deɪ/, /pleɪ/, /steɪ/, /weɪ/, /seɪ/
	ea	break, great, steak, bear（古式）	/breɪk/, /ɡreɪt/, /steɪk/
	ei	eight, weight, neighbour, vein, reign	/eɪt/, /weɪt/, /ˈneɪbə/, /veɪn/, /reɪn/
	ey	they, grey, obey, prey, convey	/ðeɪ/, /ɡreɪ/, /əˈbeɪ/, /preɪ/, /kənˈveɪ/
	au	gauge, mauve	/ɡeɪdʒ/, /məʊv/
	eigh	eight, weight, height, freight, neighbour	/eɪt/, /weɪt/, /haɪt/, /freɪt/, /ˈneɪbə/
[aɪ]	i	time, like, write, night, child	/taɪm/, /laɪk/, /raɪt/, /naɪt/, /tʃaɪld/
	y	my, by, fly, cry, try	/maɪ/, /baɪ/, /flaɪ/, /kraɪ/, /traɪ/
	ie	tie, die, lie, pie, cried	/taɪ/, /daɪ/, /laɪ/, /paɪ/, /kraɪd/
	igh	high, night, light, right, sight	/haɪ/, /naɪt/, /laɪt/, /raɪt/, /saɪt/
	uy	buy, guy	/baɪ/, /ɡaɪ/
	eye	eye	/aɪ/
	ye	dye, bye, rye	/daɪ/, /baɪ/, /raɪ/
	ais	aisle, isle	/aɪl/
[ɔɪ]	oi	oil, coin, join, point, voice	/ɔɪl/, /kɔɪn/, /dʒɔɪn/, /pɔɪnt/, /vɔɪs/
	oy	boy, toy, enjoy, employ, destroy	/bɔɪ/, /tɔɪ/, /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/, /ɪmˈplɔɪ/, /dɪˈstrɔɪ/
[aʊ]	ou	house, out, about, loud, found	/haʊs/, /aʊt/, /əˈbaʊt/, /laʊd/, /faʊnd/
	ow	now, how, down, town, brown	/naʊ/, /haʊ/, /daʊn/, /taʊn/, /braʊn/
[əʊ]	o	go, no, home, nose, over	/ɡəʊ/, /nəʊ/, /həʊm/, /nəʊz/, /ˈəʊvə/
	oa	boat, road, coat, soap, goal	/bəʊt/, /rəʊd/, /kəʊt/, /səʊp/, /ɡəʊl/
	ow	show, know, snow, grow, window	/ʃəʊ/, /nəʊ/, /snəʊ/, /ɡrəʊ/, /ˈwɪndəʊ/
	oe	toe, goes, hoe, foe, woe	/təʊ/, /ɡəʊz/, /həʊ/, /fəʊ/, /wəʊ/
	ou	though, although, soul, shoulder, boulder	/ðəʊ/, /ɔːlˈðəʊ/, /səʊl/, /ˈʃəʊldə/, /ˈbəʊldə/
	ough	though, although, dough, furlough	/ðəʊ/, /ɔːlˈðəʊ/, /dəʊ/, /ˈfɜːləʊ/
	ew	sew	/səʊ/
[ɪə]	ear	ear, hear, near, year, clear	/ɪə/, /hɪə/, /nɪə/, /jɪə/, /klɪə/
	eer	beer, deer, cheer, engineer, pioneer	/bɪə/, /dɪə/, /tʃɪə/, /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/, /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/
	ere	here, mere, severe, interfere, atmosphere	/hɪə/, /mɪə/, /sɪˈvɪə/, /ˌɪntəˈfɪə/, /ˈætməsfɪə/
	ea	idea, real, theatre, area, really	/aɪˈdɪə/, /ˈrɪəl/, /ˈθɪətə/, /ˈeərɪə/, /ˈrɪəliː/
[eə]	air	air, hair, chair, pair, fair	/eə/, /heə/, /tʃeə/, /peə/, /feə/
	are	care, share, dare, rare, square	/keə/, /ʃeə/, /deə/, /reə/, /skweə/
	ear	bear, pear, wear, swear, tear（撕）	/beə/, /peə/, /weə/, /sweə/, /teə/
	ere	there, where, everywhere	/ðeə/, /weə/, /ˈevriweə/
[ʊə]	ure	sure, pure, cure, endure, mature	/ʃʊə/, /pjʊə/, /kjʊə/, /ɪnˈdjʊə/, /məˈtjʊə/
	our	tour, tourist, contour, detour, gourd	/tʊə/, /ˈtʊərɪst/, /ˈkɒntʊə/, /ˈdiːtʊə/, /ɡʊəd/
	oor	poor, moor	/pʊə/, /mʊə/

辅音音标 (Consonants)

爆破音 (Plosives)

音标	对应字母	例词	音标标注
[p]	p	pen, map, happy, open, stop	/pen/, /mæp/, /ˈhæpiː/, /ˈəʊpən/, /stɒp/
[b]	b	book, baby, about, number, club	/bʊk/, /ˈbeɪbiː/, /əˈbaʊt/, /ˈnʌmbə/, /klʌb/
[t]	t	time, cat, water, letter, but	/taɪm/, /kæt/, /ˈwɔːtə/, /ˈletə/, /bʌt/
	tt	better, letter, matter, butter, bottle	/ˈbetə/, /ˈletə/, /ˈmætə/, /ˈbʌtə/, /ˈbɒtl/
	ed（清辅音后）	stopped, worked, washed, watched, liked	/stɒpt/, /wɜːkt/, /wɒʃt/, /wɒtʃt/, /laɪkt/
	pt	pterodactyl, ptomaine	/ˌterəˈdæktɪl/, /ˈtəʊmeɪn/
	th（少数）	Thames, thyme, Thomas	/temz/, /taɪm/, /ˈtɒməs/
[d]	d	dog, red, under, today, and	/dɒɡ/, /red/, /ˈʌndə/, /təˈdeɪ/, /ænd/
	dd	add, middle, sudden, ladder, muddy	/æd/, /ˈmɪdl/, /ˈsʌdn/, /ˈlædə/, /ˈmʌdiː/
	ed（浊辅音/元音后）	played, opened, called, showed, lived	/pleɪd/, /ˈəʊpənd/, /kɔːld/, /ʃəʊd/, /lɪvd/
[k]	k	key, bike, like, milk, ask	/kiː/, /baɪk/, /laɪk/, /mɪlk/, /ɑːsk/
	c（a, o, u, 辅音前）	cat, come, cut, class, act	/kæt/, /kʌm/, /kʌt/, /klɑːs/, /ækt/
	ck	back, black, clock, chicken, ticket	/bæk/, /blæk/, /klɒk/, /ˈtʃɪkɪn/, /ˈtɪkɪt/
	q（通常与u连用）	queen, quick, question, quiet, quite	/kwiːn/, /kwɪk/, /ˈkwestʃən/, /ˈkwaɪət/, /kwaɪt/
	qu	queen, square, require, unique, conquer	/kwiːn/, /skweə/, /rɪˈkwaɪə/, /juːˈniːk/, /ˈkɒŋkə/
	ch（希腊来源）	school, chemistry, Christmas, character, chaos	/skuːl/, /ˈkemɪstriː/, /ˈkrɪsməs/, /ˈkærɪktə/, /ˈkeɪɒs/
[g]	g（a, o, u前）	go, get, big, dog, again	/ɡəʊ/, /ɡet/, /bɪɡ/, /dɒɡ/, /əˈɡen/
	gg	egg, bigger, struggle, suggest, exaggerate	/eɡ/, /ˈbɪɡə/, /ˈstrʌɡl/, /səˈdʒest/, /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/
	gh（少数）	ghost, aghast, spaghetti, ghetto	/ɡəʊst/, /əˈɡɑːst/, /spəˈɡetiː/, /ˈɡetəʊ/
	gu（e, i, y前）	guess, guitar, league, dialogue, intrigue	/ɡes/, /ɡɪˈtɑː/, /liːɡ/, /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/, /ɪnˈtriːɡ/
	gue（词尾）	league, dialogue, vague, plague, intrigue	/liːɡ/, /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/, /veɪɡ/, /pleɪɡ/, /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

摩擦音 (Fricatives)

音标	对应字母	例词	音标标注
[f]	f	fish, food, life, after, if	/fɪʃ/, /fuːd/, /laɪf/, /ˈɑːftə/, /ɪf/
	ff	off, coffee, different, difficult, offer	/ɒf/, /ˈkɒfiː/, /ˈdɪfrənt/, /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/, /ˈɒfə/
	ph	phone, photo, elephant, alphabet, graph	/fəʊn/, /ˈfəʊtəʊ/, /ˈelɪfənt/, /ˈælfəbet/, /ɡrɑːf/
	gh（词尾/词中）	laugh, enough, rough, cough, daughter	/lɑːf/, /ɪˈnʌf/, /rʌf/, /kɒf/, /ˈdɔːtə/
	lf（词尾）	half, calf, wolf, shelf, self	/hɑːf/, /kɑːf/, /wʊlf/, /ʃelf/, /self/
	ft（词尾）	often, soften	/ˈɒfn/, /ˈsɒfn/
[v]	v	very, live, love, over, have	/ˈveriː/, /lɪv/, /lʌv/, /ˈəʊvə/, /hæv/
	f（of）	of	/ɒv/
	ph（少数）	nephew, Stephen	/ˈnevjuː/, /ˈstiːvən/
[θ]	th	think, three, mouth, bath, both	/θɪŋk/, /θriː/, /maʊθ/, /bɑːθ/, /bəʊθ/
[ð]	th	this, that, mother, father, they	/ðɪs/, /ðæt/, /ˈmʌðə/, /ˈfɑːðə/, /ðeɪ/
[s]	s	sun, yes, desk, house, class	/sʌn/, /jes/, /desk/, /haʊs/, /klɑːs/
	ss	miss, lesson, possible, necessary, dress	/mɪs/, /ˈlesn/, /ˈpɒsəbl/, /ˈnesəsəriː/, /dres/
	c（e, i, y前）	city, centre, cycle, century, cell	/ˈsɪtiː/, /ˈsentə/, /ˈsaɪkl/, /ˈsentʃəriː/, /sel/
	sc（e, i前）	scene, science, scissors, scent, ascend	/siːn/, /ˈsaɪəns/, /ˈsɪzəz/, /sent/, /əˈsend/
	ce（词尾）	face, nice, dance, since, prince	/feɪs/, /naɪs/, /dɑːns/, /sɪns/, /prɪns/
	se（词尾）	house, mouse, horse, course, sense	/haʊs/, /maʊs/, /hɔːs/, /kɔːs/, /sens/
	ps（词首）	psychology, psychiatrist, pseudo, psalm	/saɪˈkɒlədʒiː/, /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/, /ˈsuːdəʊ/, /sɑːm/
	st（词首，少数）	listen, whistle, castle, Christmas, fasten	/ˈlɪsn/, /ˈwɪsl/, /ˈkɑːsl/, /ˈkrɪsməs/, /ˈfɑːsn/
[z]	z	zoo, zero, size, crazy, dozen	/zuː/, /ˈzɪərəʊ/, /saɪz/, /ˈkreɪziː/, /ˈdʌzn/
	zz	pizza, buzz, jazz, dizzy, fuzzy	/ˈpiːtsə/, /bʌz/, /dʒæz/, /ˈdɪziː/, /ˈfʌziː/
	s（元音/浊辅音间）	beds, dogs, plays, easy, music	/bedz/, /dɒɡz/, /pleɪz/, /ˈiːziː/, /ˈmjuːzɪk/
	se（词尾，浊音后）	rise, noise, please, cheese, because	/raɪz/, /nɔɪz/, /pliːz/, /tʃiːz/, /bɪˈkɒz/
	x（通常=ks，有时=z）	xylophone, xenophobia, xerox	/ˈzaɪləfəʊn/, /ˌzenəˈfəʊbiə/, /ˈzɪərɒks/
[ʃ]	sh	she, fish, wash, English, ship	/ʃiː/, /fɪʃ/, /wɒʃ/, /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/, /ʃɪp/
	ch（法语来源）	machine, Chicago, chef, champagne, chauffeur	/məˈʃiːn/, /ʃɪˈkɑːɡəʊ/, /ʃef/, /ʃæmˈpeɪn/, /ˈʃəʊfə/
	s（u前）	sugar, sure, insurance, Asia, Persian	/ˈʃʊɡə/, /ʃʊə/, /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/, /ˈeɪʒə/, /ˈpɜːʃən/
	ss（i前）	mission, passion, Russia, pressure, session	/ˈmɪʃən/, /ˈpæʃən/, /ˈrʌʃə/, /ˈpreʃə/, /ˈseʃən/
	ti（元音前）	nation, station, patient, action, mention	/ˈneɪʃən/, /ˈsteɪʃən/, /ˈpeɪʃənt/, /ˈækʃən/, /ˈmenʃən/
	ci（元音前）	special, social, ancient, efficient, sufficient	/ˈspeʃəl/, /ˈsəʊʃəl/, /ˈeɪnʃənt/, /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, /səˈfɪʃənt/
	ce（i前，少数）	ocean, conscious, conscience, luscious	/ˈəʊʃən/, /ˈkɒnʃəs/, /ˈkɒnʃəns/, /ˈlʌʃəs/
	su（ure前）	sure, assure, insure, ensure, pressure	/ʃʊə/, /əˈʃʊə/, /ɪnˈʃʊə/, /ɪnˈʃʊə/, /ˈpreʃə/
	sci（少数）	conscience, conscious, luscious	/ˈkɒnʃəns/, /ˈkɒnʃəs/, /ˈlʌʃəs/
[ʒ]	s（u前，少数）	measure, pleasure, treasure, usual, vision	/ˈmeʒə/, /ˈpleʒə/, /ˈtreʒə/, /ˈjuːʒʊəl/, /ˈvɪʒən/
	g（e, i, y前，法语来源）	garage, regime, genre, beige, massage	/ˈɡærɑːʒ/, /reɪˈʒiːm/, /ˈʒɒnrə/, /beɪʒ/, /ˈmæsɑːʒ/
	si（元音前，少数）	division, occasion, invasion, decision, precision	/dɪˈvɪʒən/, /əˈkeɪʒən/, /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, /dɪˈsɪʒən/, /prɪˈsɪʒən/
	ti（ure前，少数）	equation, question, suggestion, exhaustion	/ɪˈkweɪʒən/, /ˈkwestʃən/, /səˈdʒestʃən/, /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/
	zu（少数）	azure	/ˈæʒə/
[h]	h	he, house, happy, who, hard	/hiː/, /haʊs/, /ˈhæpiː/, /huː/, /hɑːd/
	wh（o前，方言/老式）	who, whom, whose, whole, whoop	/huː/, /huːm/, /huːz/, /həʊl/, /huːp/
	j（西班牙语借词）	fajita, junta, marijuana	/fəˈhiːtə/, /ˈhʊntə/, /ˌmærɪˈhwɑːnə/

破擦音 (Affricates)

音标	对应字母	例词	音标标注
[tʃ]	ch	child, teacher, chair, much, which	/tʃaɪld/, /ˈtiːtʃə/, /tʃeə/, /mʌtʃ/, /wɪtʃ/
	tch	watch, catch, kitchen, match, scratch	/wɒtʃ/, /kætʃ/, /ˈkɪtʃɪn/, /mætʃ/, /skrætʃ/
	t（ure前）	future, nature, picture, culture, adventure	/ˈfjuːtʃə/, /ˈneɪtʃə/, /ˈpɪktʃə/, /ˈkʌltʃə/, /ədˈventʃə/
	tu（ure前）	natural, fortunate, situation, century, lecture	/ˈnætʃrəl/, /ˈfɔːtʃənət/, /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/, /ˈsentʃəriː/, /ˈlektʃə/
	te（ure前，少数）	righteous	/ˈraɪtʃəs/
[dʒ]	j	job, just, major, subject, enjoy	/dʒɒb/, /dʒʌst/, /ˈmeɪdʒə/, /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/, /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/
	g（e, i, y前）	age, page, giant, engine, energy	/eɪdʒ/, /peɪdʒ/, /ˈdʒaɪənt/, /ˈendʒɪn/, /ˈenədʒiː/
	dg	bridge, judge, knowledge, edge, budget	/brɪdʒ/, /dʒʌdʒ/, /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/, /edʒ/, /ˈbʌdʒɪt/
	dge（词尾）	bridge, edge, knowledge, judge, budget	/brɪdʒ/, /edʒ/, /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/, /dʒʌdʒ/, /ˈbʌdʒɪt/
	di（ure前，少数）	soldier, procedure	/ˈsəʊldʒə/, /prəˈsiːdʒə/
	gg（少数）	suggest, exaggerate	/səˈdʒest/, /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/
	de（ure前，少数）	procedure	/prəˈsiːdʒə/

鼻音 (Nasals)

音标	对应字母	例词	音标标注
[m]	m	me, time, mother, name, some	/miː/, /taɪm/, /ˈmʌðə/, /neɪm/, /sʌm/
	mm	summer, common, swimming, grammar, hammer	/ˈsʌmə/, /ˈkɒmən/, /ˈswɪmɪŋ/, /ˈɡræmə/, /ˈhæmə/
	mb（词尾，b不发音）	lamb, climb, comb, bomb, thumb	/læm/, /klaɪm/, /kəʊm/, /bɒm/, /θʌm/
	mn（词尾，n不发音）	autumn, column, hymn, condemn, solemn	/ˈɔːtəm/, /ˈkɒləm/, /hɪm/, /kənˈdem/, /ˈsɒləm/
	lm（词尾，l不发音）	calm, palm, psalm, qualm, almond	/kɑːm/, /pɑːm/, /sɑːm/, /kwɑːm/, /ˈɑːmənd/
[n]	n	no, sun, name, one, new	/nəʊ/, /sʌn/, /neɪm/, /wʌn/, /njuː/
	nn	dinner, funny, running, winner, tunnel	/ˈdɪnə/, /ˈfʌniː/, /ˈrʌnɪŋ/, /ˈwɪnə/, /ˈtʌnl/
	kn（词首，k不发音）	know, knee, knife, knock, knowledge	/nəʊ/, /niː/, /naɪf/, /nɒk/, /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/
	gn（词首/词尾，g不发音）	gnat, gnaw, sign, design, foreign	/næt/, /nɔː/, /saɪn/, /dɪˈzaɪn/, /ˈfɒrɪn/
	pn（词首，p不发音）	pneumonia, pneumatic	/njuːˈməʊniə/, /njuːˈmætɪk/
	mn（词中，n发音）	chimney, autumn（美式）, damnation	/ˈtʃɪmniː/, /ˈɔːtəmn/, /dæmˈneɪʃən/
[ŋ]	ng（词尾/词中）	sing, song, running, English, finger	/sɪŋ/, /sɒŋ/, /ˈrʌnɪŋ/, /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/, /ˈfɪŋɡə/
	n（k, g前）	think, thank, English, language, uncle	/θɪŋk/, /θæŋk/, /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/, /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/, /ˈʌŋkl/
	ngue（词尾）	tongue, harangue	/tʌŋ/, /həˈræŋ/

边音/近音 (Approximants)

音标	对应字母	例词	音标标注
[l]	l	like, well, school, life, all	/laɪk/, /wel/, /skuːl/, /laɪf/, /ɔːl/
	ll	all, tell, yellow, follow, beautiful	/ɔːl/, /tel/, /ˈjeləʊ/, /ˈfɒləʊ/, /ˈbjuːtɪfl/
	le（词尾）	table, people, little, possible, circle	/ˈteɪbl/, /ˈpiːpl/, /ˈlɪtl/, /ˈpɒsəbl/, /ˈsɜːkl/
	al（词尾）	talk, walk, call, ball, also	/tɔːk/, /wɔːk/, /kɔːl/, /bɔːl/, /ˈɔːlsəʊ/
	el（词尾）	level, travel, model, hotel, channel	/ˈlevl/, /ˈtrævl/, /ˈmɒdl/, /həʊˈtel/, /ˈtʃænl/
	il（词尾）	pencil, evil, until, April, council	/ˈpensl/, /ˈiːvl/, /ənˈtɪl/, /ˈeɪprəl/, /ˈkaʊnsl/
	ol（词尾）	control, symbol, idol, alcohol, petrol	/kənˈtrəʊl/, /ˈsɪmbl/, /ˈaɪdl/, /ˈælkəhɒl/, /ˈpetrəl/
	ul（词尾）	beautiful, careful, helpful, awful, successful	/ˈbjuːtɪfl/, /ˈkeəfl/, /ˈhelpfl/, /ˈɔːfl/, /səkˈsesfl/
[r]	r	red, right, run, very, three	/red/, /raɪt/, /rʌn/, /ˈveriː/, /θriː/
	rr	sorry, carry, hurry, current, correct	/ˈsɒriː/, /ˈkæriː/, /ˈhʌriː/, /ˈkʌrənt/, /kəˈrekt/
	rh（词首，h不发音）	rhyme, rhythm, rhinoceros, rheumatism, rhetoric	/raɪm/, /ˈrɪðəm/, /raɪˈnɒsərəs/, /ˈruːmətɪzəm/, /ˈretərɪk/
	wr（词首，w不发音）	write, wrong, wrap, wrist, wreck	/raɪt/, /rɒŋ/, /ræp/, /rɪst/, /rek/
[j]	y	yes, you, yellow, young, yesterday	/jes/, /juː/, /ˈjeləʊ/, /jʌŋ/, /ˈjestədeɪ/
	i（元音前）	onion, million, billion, opinion, familiar	/ˈʌnjən/, /ˈmɪljən/, /ˈbɪljən/, /əˈpɪnjən/, /fəˈmɪliə/
	e（u前，少数）	beautiful, Europe, eulogy, eunuch	/ˈbjuːtɪfl/, /ˈjʊərəp/, /ˈjuːlədʒiː/, /ˈjuːnək/
	u（少数）	cute, use, university, usual, future	/kjuːt/, /juːz/, /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsətiː/, /ˈjuːʒʊəl/, /ˈfjuːtʃə/
	ew（少数）	few, new, knew, view	/fjuː/, /njuː/, /njuː/, /vjuː/
[w]	w	we, water, what, swim, away	/wiː/, /ˈwɔːtə/, /wɒt/, /swɪm/, /əˈweɪ/
	wh（多数情况）	what, when, where, why, which	/wɒt/, /wen/, /weə/, /waɪ/, /wɪtʃ/
	u（元音前，少数）	quick, language, persuade, queen, square	/kwɪk/, /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/, /pəˈsweɪd/, /kwiːn/, /skweə/
	o（one, once等）	one, once, someone, anyone, everyone	/wʌn/, /wʌns/, /ˈsʌmwʌn/, /ˈeniwʌn/, /ˈevriwʌn/

辅音连缀 (Consonant Clusters)

音标	对应字母	例词	音标标注
[ts]	ts（词尾）	cats, hats, gets, lights, students	/kæts/, /hæts/, /ɡets/, /laɪts/, /ˈstjuːdənts/
	tes（词尾）	states, gates, dates, rates, notes	/steɪts/, /ɡeɪts/, /deɪts/, /reɪts/, /nəʊts/
[dz]	ds（词尾）	beds, cards, hands, friends, lands	/bedz/, /kɑːdz/, /hændz/, /frendz/, /lændz/
	des（词尾）	rides, sides, trades, decades, provides	/raɪdz/, /saɪdz/, /treɪdz/, /ˈdekeɪdz/, /prəˈvaɪdz/
[tr]	tr	tree, train, try, country, street	/triː/, /treɪn/, /traɪ/, /ˈkʌntriː/, /striːt/
[dr]	dr	drive, drink, draw, children, address	/draɪv/, /drɪŋk/, /drɔː/, /ˈtʃɪldrən/, /əˈdres/
[tw]	tw	two, twin, between, twenty, twist	/tuː/, /twɪn/, /bɪˈtwiːn/, /ˈtwentiː/, /twɪst/
[dw]	dw	dwell, dwarf, dwindle, dwelling	/dwel/, /dwɔːf/, /ˈdwɪndl/, /ˈdwelɪŋ/
[kw]	qu	queen, question, quick, square, require	/kwiːn/, /ˈkwestʃən/, /kwɪk/, /skweə/, /rɪˈkwaɪə/
[ks]	x	box, six, next, exercise, example	/bɒks/, /sɪks/, /nekst/, /ˈeksəsaɪz/, /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/
	xc（e, i前）	excellent, except, excited, exercise, excuse	/ˈeksələnt/, /ɪkˈsept/, /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/, /ˈeksəsaɪz/, /ɪkˈskjuːs/
	克斯（外来词）	taxi, taxi, maxi, taxi, maxi	/ˈtæksiː/, /ˈmæksiː/
[gz]	x（元音前）	example, exist, exact, exam, exhausted	/ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/, /ɪɡˈzɪst/, /ɪɡˈzækt/, /ɪɡˈzæm/, /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
[tʃr]	chr	Christmas, Christian, Christopher, chromosome, chronicle	/ˈkrɪsməs/, /ˈkrɪstʃən/, /ˈkrɪstəfə/, /ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/, /ˈkrɒnɪkl/
[ʃr]	shr	shrink, shrug, shrimp, shrine, shrewd	/ʃrɪŋk/, /ʃrʌɡ/, /ʃrɪmp/, /ʃraɪn/, /ʃruːd/
[θr]	thr	three, through, throw, throat, thread	/θriː/, /θruː/, /θrəʊ/, /θrəʊt/, /θred/
[spl]	spl	splash, split, splendid, splinter, splash	/splæʃ/, /splɪt/, /ˈsplendɪd/, /ˈsplɪntə/, /splæʃ/
[spr]	spr	spring, spread, spray, sprint, sprite	/sprɪŋ/, /spred/, /spreɪ/, /sprɪnt/, /spraɪt/
[str]	str	street, strong, strange, straight, struggle	/striːt/, /strɒŋ/, /streɪndʒ/, /streɪt/, /ˈstrʌɡl/
[skr]	scr	screen, scream, scratch, describe, script	/skriːn/, /skriːm/, /skrætʃ/, /dɪˈskraɪb/, /skrɪpt/
[skw]	squ	square, squeeze, squirrel, squad, question	/skweə/, /skwiːz/, /ˈskwɪrəl/, /skwɒd/, /ˈkwestʃən/
[sm]	sm	small, smile, smoke, smart, smooth	/smɔːl/, /smaɪl/, /sməʊk/, /smɑːt/, /smuːð/
[sn]	sn	snow, snake, snack, sneeze, snore	/snəʊ/, /sneɪk/, /snæk/, /sniːz/, /snɔː/
[sl]	sl	slow, sleep, slide, slim, slope	/sləʊ/, /sliːp/, /slaɪd/, /slɪm/, /sləʊp/
[sw]	sw	swim, sweet, switch, sweep, swear	/swɪm/, /swiːt/, /swɪtʃ/, /swiːp/, /sweə/
[spj]	spu（少数）	assume, consume, presume	/əˈsjuːm/, /kənˈsjuːm/, /prɪˈzjuːm/
[stj]	stu（少数）	student, studio, stupid, study, costume	/ˈstjuːdənt/, /ˈstjuːdiəʊ/, /ˈstjuːpɪd/, /ˈstʌdiː/, /ˈkɒstjuːm/

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补充说明

特殊发音规则提示

现象	说明	例词
不发音字母	词首 kn, gn, wr, wh(o), mb, mn	know, gnat, write, who, lamb, autumn
同一字母不同发音	如 s 可发 /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/	sun, dogs, sugar, measure
同一音标不同拼写	如 /f/ 可由 f, ph, gh 发出	fish, phone, laugh
外来词发音	保留原语言发音	fajita /fəˈhiːtə/, genre /ˈʒɒnrə/

英美发音差异

音标	英式	美式	例词
/ɒ/ vs /ɑː/	/ɒ/	/ɑː/	hot /hɒt/ vs /hɑːt/
/ɔː/ vs /ɔːr/	/ɔː/	/ɔːr/	more /mɔː/ vs /mɔːr/
/ɜː/ vs /ɜːr/	/ɜː/	/ɜːr/	bird /bɜːd/ vs /bɜːrd/
/ə/ vs /ɚ/	/ə/	/ɚ/	better /ˈbetə/ vs /ˈbetɚ/
/ɑː/ vs /æ/	/ɑː/	/æ/	dance /dɑːns/ vs /dæns/
/juː/ vs /uː/	/juː/	/uː/	news /njuːz/ vs /nuːz/
/t/ 闪音	/t/	/ɾ/（闪音）	water /ˈwɔːtə/ vs /ˈwɔːɾɚ/

常见易混淆音标对比

音标对	区别	最小对立词
/iː/ vs /ɪ/	长短松紧	sheep /ʃiːp/ vs ship /ʃɪp/
/æ/ vs /e/	开口度	bad /bæd/ vs bed /bed/
/æ/ vs /ɑː/	前后位置	cat /kæt/ vs cart /kɑːt/
/ʌ/ vs /ɑː/	松紧圆唇	cut /kʌt/ vs cart /kɑːt/
/ɒ/ vs /ɔː/	长短	hot /hɒt/ vs horse /hɔːs/
/ʊ/ vs /uː/	长短松紧	full /fʊl/ vs fool /fuːl/
/əʊ/ vs /ɔː/	双元音vs单元音	boat /bəʊt/ vs bought /bɔːt/
/aɪ/ vs /ɔɪ/	起始位置	buy /baɪ/ vs boy /bɔɪ/
/s/ vs /ʃ/	舌位前后	see /siː/ vs she /ʃiː/
/z/ vs /ʒ/	部位	zoo /zuː/ vs measure /ˈmeʒə/
/θ/ vs /ð/	清浊	think /θɪŋk/ vs this /ðɪs/
/w/ vs /v/	圆唇vs唇齿	west /west/ vs vest /vest/